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一、Nova组件概述

Nova 负责管理 Openstack 中云主机实例的创建、删除、启动、停止等，位于 Openstack 架构的中心，其他服务和组件对它提供支持。

计算节点通过Nova Computer进行虚拟机创建，通过libvirt调用kvm创建虚拟机，nova之间通信通过rabbitMQ队列进行通信。

1、作用

Nova是OpenStack最核心的服务模块，负责管理和维护云计算环境的计算资源，负责整个云环境虚拟机生命周期的管理。

Nova是OpenStack的计算服务，负责维护和管理的网络和存储，提供计算服务。

2、组件架构

Nova组件功能强大且结构复杂，由多种模块组成。模块分属若干单元，每个单元又是若干计算节点的集合。

3、模块功能介绍

Nova API：负责接收和响应外部请求。支持Openstack API，EC2 API。外部访问Nova的唯一途径，接受外部请求并通过Message Queue将请求发送给其他的服务组件。

Nova Scheduler：用于云主机调度，决策虚拟机创建应该创建在哪个计算节点上。决策一个虚拟机应该调度到某个物理节点上，需要两步：过滤，计算权值。

Nova Compute：一般运行在计算节点上，通过Message Queue接收并管理KVM的生命周期，Nova compute通过libvirt管理 KVM，通过XenAPI管理Xen。管理虚机的核心服务，通过调用 Hypervisor API 实现虚机生命周期管理。

Hypervisor ：计算节点上跑的虚拟化管理程序，虚机管理最底层的程序。不同虚拟化技术提供自己的 Hypervisor。常用的 Hypervisor 有 KVM，Xen， VMWare 等。

Nova Conductor：计算节点访问数据库的中间件。nova-compute 经常需要更新数据库，比如更新虚机的状态。

出于安全性和伸缩性的考虑，nova-compute 并不会直接访问数据库，而是将这个任务委托给 nova-conductor。

Nova Consoleauth：用于控制台的授权验证，需要打开vnc需要在Consoleauth进行授权认证。负责对访问虚机控制台请亲提供 Token 认证。

Nova Novncporxy：提供一个代理，用于访问正在运行的实例。通过VNC协议，基于 Web 浏览器的 VNC 访问。

Nova-spicehtml5proxy：基于 HTML5 浏览器的 SPICE 访问

Nova-x***vncproxy：基于 Java 客户端的 VNC 访问

Nova Cert：服务器守护进程向Nova Cert服务提供X509证书。用来为euca-bundle-image生成证书。仅仅是在EC2 API的请求中使用。

消息队列：在守护进程之间传递消息的中心。通常使用RabbitMQ实现，也可以使用另一个AMQP消息队列(如ZeroMQ)来实现。在前面我们了解到 Nova 包含众多的子服务，这些子服务之间需要相互协调和通信。为解耦各个子服务，Nova 通过 Message Queue 作为子服务的信息中转站。

SQL数据库：Nova 会有一些数据需要存放到数据库中。存储云主机在构建时和运行时的状态，为云基础设施，包括有：可用实例类型、使用中的实例、可用网络、项目。

4、基本工作流程

第1步，nova-api接收到用户通过管理界面或命令行发起的云主机创建请求，并将其发送到消息队列中。

第2步，nova-conductor从消息队列获得请求，从数据库获得如Cell单元的相关信息，再将请求和获得的数据放入消息队列。

第3步，nova-scheduler从消息队列获得请求和数据以后，与Placement组件配合选择创建云主机的物理机，选择完成后，请求转入消息队列等待nova-compute处理。

第4步，nova-compute从消息队列获得请求后，分别与Glance、Neutron和Cinder交互以获取镜像资源、网络资源和云存储资源。一切资源准备就绪后，nova-compute通过Hypervisor调用具体的虚拟化程序，如KVM、QEMU、Xen等，来创建虚拟机。

https://www.cnblogs.com/mh20131118/p/12939358.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxk/p/9454258.html

二、Nova操作

1、安全组相关操作

（1）openstack命令行格式案例

openstack

# 安全组操作

security group create Create a new security group # 创建新安全组

security group delete Delete security group(s) # 删除安全组

security group list List security groups # 查看安全组列表

security group set Set security group properties # 修改安全组参数

security group show Display security group details # 查看安全组详情

security group unset Unset security group properties # 取消安全组参数设置

# 安全组规则操作

security group rule create Create a new security group rule # 创建安全组规则

security group rule delete Delete security group rule(s) # 删除安全组规则

security group rule list List security group rules # 查看安全组规则列表

security group rule show Display security group rule details # 查看安全组规则详情

# 安全组查看

[root@controller etc]# openstack security group list

+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+------+

# 安全组创建

[root@controller etc]# openstack security group create --description 'most great security group' my-secgroup

+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| created_at | 2022-11-30T09:28:13Z |

| description | most great security group |

| id | 5678ab2b-181a-4f20-a8c0-a047bcd8ecfa |

| location | cloud='', project.domain_id=, project.domain_name='Default', project.id='4188570a34464b938ed3fa7e08681df8', project.name='admin', region_name='', zone= |

| name | my-secgroup |

| project_id | 4188570a34464b938ed3fa7e08681df8 |

| revision_number | 1 |

| rules | created_at='2022-11-30T09:28:13Z', direction='egress', ethertype='IPv6', id='19ad743b-f62c-4ccf-87ae-100691de0814', updated_at='2022-11-30T09:28:13Z' |

| | created_at='2022-11-30T09:28:13Z', direction='egress', ethertype='IPv4', id='c78c36c3-70a5-473f-85ba-ba17365f7621', updated_at='2022-11-30T09:28:13Z' |

| tags | [] |

| updated_at | 2022-11-30T09:28:13Z |

+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

# 安全组更新

[root@controller etc]# openstack security group set -h

usage: openstack security group set [-h] [--name ]

[--description ]

[--tag ] [--no-tag]

Set security group properties

optional arguments:

-h, --help show this help message and exit

--name New security group name # 安全组改名

--description New security group description # 安全组新描述

--tag Tag to be added to the security group (repeat option to set multiple tags) # 添加标签

--no-tag Clear tags associated with the security group. Specify # 清理标签

both --tag and --no-tag to overwrite current tags

# 修改安全组名字和描述

[root@controller etc]# openstack security group set --name hqs-secgroup --description 'Be the CEO of your own life.' my-secgroup

# 删除安全组

[root@controller etc]# openstack security group delete hqs-secgroup

（2）nova命令行格式案例

nova

secgroup-add-default-rule Add a rule to the set of rules that will be

added to the 'default' security group for new

tenants (nova-network only).

secgroup-add-group-rule Add a source group rule to a security group.

secgroup-add-rule Add a rule to a security group.

secgroup-create Create a security group.

secgroup-delete Delete a security group.

secgroup-delete-default-rule

Delete a rule from the set of rules that will

be added to the 'default' security group for

new tenants (nova-network only).

secgroup-delete-group-rule Delete a source group rule from a security

group.

secgroup-delete-rule Delete a rule from a security group.

secgroup-list List security groups for the current tenant.

secgroup-list-default-rules

List rules that will be added to the 'default'

security group for new tenants.

secgroup-list-rules List rules for a security group.

secgroup-update Update a security group.

# 安全组查看：

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-list

+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+

| Id | Name | Description |

+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+

| 486eaa38-8e3d-4214-96bc-e6fee9b81be6 | default | Default security group |

+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+

# 安全组创建

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-create hqs 'Most great security group'

+--------------------------------------+------+---------------------------+

| Id | Name | Description |

+--------------------------------------+------+---------------------------+

| 1f2e9304-2fa0-45ac-a407-9816c72a1190 | hqs | Most great security group |

+--------------------------------------+------+---------------------------+

# 安全组更新

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-update 218faa36-c250-40d5-9775-534049e5771a hqs111 'One of the most great security group '

+--------------------------------------+--------+---------------------------------------+

| Id | Name | Description |

+--------------------------------------+--------+---------------------------------------+

| 218faa36-c250-40d5-9775-534049e5771a | hqs111 | One of the most great security group |

+--------------------------------------+--------+---------------------------------------+

# 安全组删除

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-delete hqs111

# 安全组规则查看

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-list-rules hqs

+-------------+-----------+---------+----------+--------------+

+-------------+-----------+---------+----------+--------------+

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-list-rules default

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

| tcp | 1 | 65535 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |

| udp | 1 | 65535 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |

| icmp | -1 | -1 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

# 安全组规则添加

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-add-rule hqs icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

| icmp | -1 | -1 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-add-rule hqs udp 1 65535 0.0.0.0/0

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

| udp | 1 | 65535 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-add-rule hqs tcp 1 65535 0.0.0.0/0

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

| tcp | 1 | 65535 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

# 安全组规则删除

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-delete-rule hqs icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

| icmp | -1 | -1 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-list-rules hqs

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

| udp | 1 | 65535 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |

| tcp | 1 | 65535 | 0.0.0.0/0 | |

+-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+

2、云主机类型操作

云主机也称为实例，实例类型（Flavor）类似于云主机的虚拟硬件配置模板。

实例类型只能由具有Admin权限的用户管理。

（1）openstack命令行格式案例

# 常用操作

openstack

flavor create Create new flavor # 创建新实例类型

flavor delete Delete flavor(s) # 删除实例类型

flavor list List flavors # 查看实例类型列表

flavor set Set flavor properties # 设置实例类型参数

flavor show Display flavor details # 显示实例类型详情

flavor unset Unset flavor properties # 取消实例类型参数

# 创建实例类型

openstack flavor create

positional arguments:

New flavor name

optional arguments:

--id Unique flavor ID; 'auto' creates a UUID (default:auto) # 设置实例类型ID

--ram Memory size in MB (default 256M) # 设置内存大小，默认256M

--disk Disk size in GB (default 0G) # 设置硬盘大小

--ephemeral Ephemeral disk size in GB (default 0G) # 设置临时硬盘大小

--swap Additional swap space size in MB (default 0M) # 设置交换分区大小

--vcpus Number of vcpus (default 1) # 设置虚拟CPU个数

--public Flavor is available to other projects (default) # 公有的，可以被其他项目使用

--private Flavor is not available to other projects # 私有的，不能被其他项目使用

# 创建1核CPU、512M内存、1G硬盘的实例类型

[root@controller etc]# openstack flavor create --id auto --vcpus 1 --ram 512 --disk 1 m1.tiny

+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+

| OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled | False |

| OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral | 0 |

| disk | 1 |

| id | dfc853ca-41fc-44b4-8d0a-a148bfb1376b |

| name | m1.tiny |

| os-flavor-access:is_public | True |

| properties | |

| ram | 512 |

| rxtx_factor | 1.0 |

| swap | |

| vcpus | 1 |

+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+

# 查看当前实例类型列表

[root@controller etc]# openstack flavor list

+--------------------------------------+----------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+

+--------------------------------------+----------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+

| aa3d8c9c-d553-4396-b8e9-73ac1df116d0 | m1.micro | 500 | 10 | 0 | 1 | True |

| dfc853ca-41fc-44b4-8d0a-a148bfb1376b | m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | 1 | True |

+--------------------------------------+----------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------

# 查看实例类型详情

[root@controller etc]# openstack flavor show m1.micro

+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+

| OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled | False |

| OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral | 0 |

| access_project_ids | None |

| disk | 10 |

| id | aa3d8c9c-d553-4396-b8e9-73ac1df116d0 |

| name | m1.micro |

| os-flavor-access:is_public | True |

| properties | |

| ram | 500 |

| rxtx_factor | 1.0 |

| swap | |

| vcpus | 1 |

+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+

# 删除实例类型

[root@controller etc]# openstack flavor delete m1.tiny

（2）nova命令行格式案例

nova

flavor-access-add Add flavor access for the given tenant.

flavor-access-list Print access information about the given

flavor.

flavor-access-remove Remove flavor access for the given tenant.

flavor-create Create a new flavor.

flavor-delete Delete a specific flavor

flavor-key Set or unset extra_spec for a flavor.

flavor-list Print a list of available 'flavors' (sizes of

servers).

flavor-show Show details about the given flavor.

# 云主机类型列表查看

[root@controller ~]# nova flavor-list

+--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

+--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

| 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

| 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

| 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | | 2 | 1.0 | True |

| 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | | 4 | 1.0 | True |

| 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | | 8 | 1.0 | True |

| 7645393e-4f46-473a-85bf-6ea69669dac2 | m1-hqs | 512 | 10 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

+--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

# 云主机类型添加

[root@controller ~]# nova flavor-create m1.hqs 6 1024 10 1

+----+--------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

+----+--------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

| 6 | m1.hqs | 1024 | 10 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

+----+--------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

# 云主机类型详情查看

[root@controller ~]# nova flavor-show m1.hqs

+----------------------------+--------+

| Property | Value |

+----------------------------+--------+

| OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled | False |

| OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral | 0 |

| disk | 10 |

| extra_specs | {} |

| id | 6 |

| name | m1.hqs |

| os-flavor-access:is_public | True |

| ram | 1024 |

| rxtx_factor | 1.0 |

| swap | |

| vcpus | 1 |

+----------------------------+--------+

# 云主机类型删除

[root@controller ~]# nova flavor-delete m1-hqs

3、云主机实例操作

（1）openstack命令行格式案例

# 语法

openstack

server create Create a new server # 创建云主机

server delete Delete server(s) # 删除云主机

server start Start server(s). # 开启云主机

server stop Stop server(s). # 关闭云主机

server list List servers # 查看云主机列表

server show Show server details. # 查看云主机详情

server ssh SSH to server # ssh连接云主机

server migrate Migrate server to different host # 云主机迁移

server resize Scale server to a new flavor. # 调整云主机规格

server lock Lock server(s). # 锁定云主机

server unlock Unlock server(s) # 解锁云主机

server pause Pause server(s) # 暂停云主机

server unpause Unpause server(s) # 取消暂停云主机

server reboot Perform a hard or soft server reboot # 重启云主机

server restore Restore server(s) # 还原云主机

server rebuild Rebuild server # 重建云主机

server rescue Put server in rescue mode # 修复云主机

server unrescue Restore server from rescue mode # 取消修复云主机

server suspend Suspend server(s) # 挂起云主机，当前状态保存在磁盘中

server resume Resume server(s) # 取消挂起云主机

server set Set server properties # 设置云主机参数

server unset Unset server properties # 取消云主机参数设置

server shelve Shelve server(s) # 搁置云主机

server unshelve Unshelve server(s) # 取消搁置云主机

# 创建云主机语法

openstack server create [--option...]

optional arguments:

--image Create server boot disk from this image (name or ID)

--volume Create server using this volume as the boot disk (name or ID).

--flavor Create server with this flavor (name or ID)

--security-group # 创建云主机用到的安全组（名字或ID）

--availability-zone # 指定可用域

--host Requested host to create servers. # 指定服务器创建云主机

--nic

Create a NIC on the server. # 设置云主机网络属性net-id云主机网络；v4-fixed-ip：绑定的IP地址等等

--network Create a NIC on the server and connect it to network. # 云主机连接的网络

--port Create a NIC on the server and connect it to port. # 云主机连接的端口

--key-name # 密钥注入云主机

# 创建云主机实例

[root@controller ~]# openstack image list

+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+

| ID | Name | Status |

+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+

| 7096885c-0a58-4086-8014-b92affceb0e8 | cirros | active |

+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+

[root@controller ~]# openstack flavor list

+--------------------------------------+----------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+

+--------------------------------------+----------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+

| aa3d8c9c-d553-4396-b8e9-73ac1df116d0 | m1.micro | 500 | 10 | 0 | 1 | True |

+--------------------------------------+----------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------

[root@controller ~]# openstack server create --image cirros \

--flavor m1.micro \

--network vm-network \

VM_host

+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |

| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | None |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | None |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | |

| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | NOSTATE |

| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |

| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |

| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None |

| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None |

| accessIPv4 | |

| accessIPv6 | |

| addresses | |

| adminPass | X8RPvNvV77xN |

| config_drive | |

| created | 2022-12-02T08:20:59Z |

| flavor | m1.micro (aa3d8c9c-d553-4396-b8e9-73ac1df116d0) |

| hostId | |

| id | bdcc43ed-bf29-4d80-b3a6-9c9791047ed0 |

| image | cirros (7096885c-0a58-4086-8014-b92affceb0e8) |

| key_name | None |

| name | VM_host |

| progress | 0 |

| project_id | 4188570a34464b938ed3fa7e08681df8 |

| properties | |

| security_groups | name='default' |

| status | BUILD |

| updated | 2022-12-02T08:20:59Z |

| user_id | f4f16d960e0643d7b5a35db152c87dae |

| volumes_attached | |

+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

# 查看已有的云主机列表

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list

+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

# 重启云主机

# 软重启：尝试正常关机并重启云主机

[root@controller ~]# openstack server reboot VM_host

# 硬重启：直接将云主机“断电”并重启

[root@controller ~]# openstack server reboot VM_host --hard

# 暂停云主机

# 暂停：将云主机当前状态存入内存，并停用云主机。

[root@controller ~]# openstack server pause VM_host

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list

+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

# 暂停后可取消暂停，将云主机恢复到暂停前的状态并启用。

[root@controller ~]# openstack server unpause VM_host

# 挂起云主机

# 挂起：将云主机当前状态存放到磁盘中，并停用云主机。

[root@controller ~]# openstack server suspend VM_host

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list

+--------------------------------------+---------+-----------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+-----------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+-----------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

# 挂起后可取消挂起，将云主机恢复到挂起前的状态并启用。

[root@controller ~]# openstack server resume VM_host

# 关闭云主机

[root@controller ~]# openstack server stop VM_host

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list

+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

# 启动云主机

[root@controller ~]# openstack server start VM_host

[root@controller ~]# openstack server list

+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

+--------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+--------+----------+

# 重建云主机

# 如果云主机出现故障，可以用重建操作还原云主机。

# 连接云主机并创文件

[root@compute ~]# ssh cirros@192.168.20.158

cirros@192.168.20.158 password: gocubsgo

$ touch ttt

$ touch adadw2dads

$ ls

adadw2dads ttt

$ exit

# 重建云主机

[root@controller ~]# openstack server rebuild VM_host --image cirros

+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+

| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |

| accessIPv4 | |

| accessIPv6 | |

| addresses | vm-network=192.168.20.158 |

| adminPass | moKnvy9KkLFu |

| created | 2022-12-02T08:20:59Z |

| flavor | m1.micro (aa3d8c9c-d553-4396-b8e9-73ac1df116d0) |

| hostId | 49461bf9735b793190cb0fd91333233e7cea03174a465537f092e75e |

| id | bdcc43ed-bf29-4d80-b3a6-9c9791047ed0 |

| image | cirros (7096885c-0a58-4086-8014-b92affceb0e8) |

| name | VM_host |

| progress | 0 |

| project_id | 4188570a34464b938ed3fa7e08681df8 |

| properties | |

| status | REBUILD |

| updated | 2022-12-02T09:15:46Z |

| user_id | f4f16d960e0643d7b5a35db152c87dae |

+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+

# 重联云主机——重建的文件都已经清空

# 重联时地址没变但主机已经变了，需要将这个地址从已知地址中删除才能ssh联上

[root@compute ~]# vi /root/.ssh/known_hosts # 删除192.168.20.158对应的秘钥信息

[root@compute ~]# ssh cirros@192.168.20.158

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

cirros@192.168.20.158 password:

$ ls

$ pwd

/home/cirros

# 删除云主机

[root@controller ~]# openstack server delete VM_host

（2）nova命令行格式案例

# 实例列表查看

nova list

# 实例详情查看

nova show

# 实例创建

nova boot <实例名称>

# 可选参数：

--flavor 虚拟机类型

--image 可选用的镜像

--image-with 镜像的元数据属性

--boot-volume 启动逻辑卷的ID

--snapshot 快照.

--min-count Boot at least servers (limited by

quota).

--max-count Boot up to servers (limited by

quota).

--meta 元数据Record arbitrary key/value metadata to

/meta_data.json on the metadata server. Can be

specified multiple times.

--file 文件Store arbitrary files from locally

to on the new server. Limited by

the injected_files quota value.

--key-name 密钥名称Key name of keypair that should be created

earlier with the command keypair-add.

--user-data 注入的用户数据user data file to pass to be exposed by the

metadata server.

--availability-zone

可用域The availability zone for server placement.

--security-groups

安全组Comma separated list of security group names.

--block-device-mapping

块存储格式化Block device mapping in the format

name>=:::

terminate>.

--block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2...] 块设备参数

--swap 交换空间大小Create and attach a local swap block device of

MB.

--ephemeral size=[,format=]

连接块存储的大小Create and attach a local ephemeral block

device of GB and format it to .

--hint 自定义数据Send arbitrary key/value pairs to the

scheduler for custom use.

--nic

配置网络Create a NIC on the server. Specify option

multiple times to create multiple NICs. net-

id: attach NIC to network with this UUID net-

name: attach NIC to network with this name

(either port-id or net-id or net-name must be

provided), v4-fixed-ip: IPv4 fixed address for

NIC (optional), v6-fixed-ip: IPv6 fixed

address for NIC (optional), port-id: attach

NIC to port with this UUID (either port-id or

net-id must be provided).

--config-drive 驱动配置Enable config drive.

--poll 显示创建进度Report the new server boot progress until it

completes.

--admin-pass Admin password for the instance.

--access-ip-v4 Alternative access IPv4 of the instance.

--access-ip-v6 Alternative access IPv6 of the instance.

--description Description for the server. (Supported by API

versions '2.19' - '2.latest')

# 1、查看镜像

glance image-list

# 2、查看规格

nova flavor-list

# 3、查看安全组

nova secgroup-list

# 4、查看可用的网络

neutron net-list

nova boot \

--image centos7.2 \

--availability-zone nova \

--flavor m1.hqs \

--security-groups hqs \

--nic net-id=64306052-bcec-4209-ac4c-45b9d2de4dde \

caocao-server1

# 5、实例创建

[root@controller images]# nova boot test-server --image centos7.2 --flavor m1.lxh --availability-zone nova --security-groups hqs --nic net-id=451fd2af-e1eb-4437-bf71-53b5f91c10b5

+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+

| Property | Value |

+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+

| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |

| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | nova |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | - |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hostname | test-server |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | - |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-0000000d |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:kernel_id | |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:launch_index | 0 |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:ramdisk_id | |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:reservation_id | r-zoria5fn |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:root_device_name | - |

| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:user_data | - |

| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 |

| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |

| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |

| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | - |

| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | - |

| accessIPv4 | |

| accessIPv6 | |

| adminPass | ejFD96k8DUkW |

| config_drive | |

| created | 2021-10-19T02:09:45Z |

| description | - |

| flavor | m1.lxh (111) |

| hostId | |

| host_status | |

| id | 22d0a54b-2a6f-4ea8-8729-dc07055c19e5 |

| image | centos7.2 (8aec8782-c6af-41d8-a225-ada5a2af13dc) |

| key_name | - |

| locked | False |

| metadata | {} |

| name | test-server |

| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] |

| progress | 0 |

| security_groups | hqs |

| status | BUILD |

| tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |

| updated | 2021-10-19T02:09:55Z |

| user_id | 0f217182b5af448c988f5464c706a337 |

+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+

# 实例停止

[root@controller ~]# nova stop hqs_server

Request to stop server hqs_server has been accepted.

# 实例启动

[root@controller ~]# nova start hqs_server

Request to start server hqs_server has been accepted.

# 实例重启

[root@controller ~]# nova reboot hqs_server

Request to reboot server has been accepted.

[root@controller ~]# nova list

+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+----------------+-------------+----------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+----------------+-------------+----------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+----------------+-------------+----------------------------------+

# 实例挂起

[root@controller ~]# nova pause test

[root@controller ~]# nova list

+--------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------------+-------------+----------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------------+-------------+----------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+------------+--------+----------------+-------------+----------------------------------+

# 实例删除

[root@controller ~]# nova delete hqs_server

Request to delete server hqs_server has been accepted.

[root@controller ~]# nova list

+--------------------------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+----------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+----------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+----------------------------------+

4、浮动IP

nova

floating-ip-associate Associate a floating IP address to a server.

floating-ip-bulk-create Bulk create floating IPs

by range (nova-network only).

floating-ip-bulk-delete Bulk delete floating IPs by range (nova-

network only).

floating-ip-bulk-list List all floating IPs (nova-network only).

floating-ip-create Allocate a floating IP for the current tenant.

floating-ip-delete De-allocate a floating IP.

floating-ip-disassociate Disassociate a floating IP address from a

server.

floating-ip-list List floating IPs.

floating-ip-pool-list List all floating IP pools.

# 创建浮动IP

# 语法：nova floating-ip-create

[root@controller nova]# nova floating-ip-create net-gre

+--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------+----------+---------+

+--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------+----------+---------+

| fcb2439d-ba4f-4467-ad60-34726d57aba4 | 192.168.37.5 | - | - | net-gre |

+--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------+----------+---------+

# 浮动IP的列表信息

[root@controller nova]# nova floating-ip-list

+--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------+----------+---------+

+--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------+----------+---------+

| fcb2439d-ba4f-4467-ad60-34726d57aba4 | 192.168.37.5 | - | - | net-gre |

+--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------+----------+---------+

# 浮动IP地址池信息

[root@controller nova]# nova floating-ip-pool-list

+---------+

| name |

+---------+

| net-gre |

+---------+

# 查看浮动IP详细信息

[root@controller nova]# openstack ip floating show 192.168.37.5

+---------------------+--------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+---------------------+--------------------------------------+

| description | |

| dns_domain | |

| dns_name | |

| fixed_ip_address | None |

| floating_ip_address | 192.168.37.5 |

| floating_network_id | 847163a4-65dd-456e-a839-4f810cce80cf |

| id | fcb2439d-ba4f-4467-ad60-34726d57aba4 |

| port_id | None |

| project_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |

| router_id | None |

| status | DOWN |

+---------------------+--------------------------------------+

# 浮动ip关联给实例

# 语法：nova floating-ip-associate [--fixed-address ]

# 参数：

# Name or ID of server.（nova list）

IP Address.(nova floating-ip-list)

[root@controller nova]# nova floating-ip-associate caocao-server1 192.168.37.5

[root@controller nova]# nova list

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---------------------------------+

+-----------------------

# 浮动IP解除关联实例

# 语法：nova floating-ip-disassociate

[root@controller nova]# nova floating-ip-disassociate caocao-server1 192.168.37.5

[root@controller nova]# nova list

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------+

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------+

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------+

# 解除关联并删除浮动IP

[root@controller nova]# nova floating-ip-associate caocao-server1 192.168.37.5

[root@controller nova]# nova floating-ip-delete 192.168.37.5

[root@controller nova]# nova list

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------+

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------+

+---------

[root@controller nova]# nova floating-ip-list

+----+----+-----------+----------+------+

+----+----+-----------+----------+------+

5、密钥管理

（1）openstack命令行格式案例

# 生成一个密钥对

-b #指定密钥长度

-e #读取openssh的私钥或者公钥文件

-C #添加注释

-f #指定用来保存密钥的文件名

-i #读取未加密的ssh-v2兼容的私钥/公钥文件，然后在标准输出设备上显示openssh兼容的私钥/公钥

-l #显示公钥文件的指纹数据

-N #提供一个新密语

-P #提供（旧）密语

-q #静默模式

-t #指定要创建的密钥类型

[root@controller ~]# ssh-keygen -q -N ""

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 《——直接回车

[root@controller ~]# ll /root/.ssh/

total 12

-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Dec 19 19:46 id_rsa

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 397 Dec 19 19:46 id_rsa.pub

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Dec 19 16:37 known_hosts

# 导入公钥到云平台

[root@controller ~]# openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub mkey

+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+

| fingerprint | fc:f7:bd:56:a5:4f:e2:cd:9a:d5:2b:f4:59:2f:d5:e4 |

| name | mkey |

| user_id | 16744fe5ad7042a4a0356f37cb02dda4 |

+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+

# 查看系统密钥对列表

[root@controller ~]# openstack keypair list

+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| Name | Fingerprint |

+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| mkey | fc:f7:bd:56:a5:4f:e2:cd:9a:d5:2b:f4:59:2f:d5:e4 |

+------+-------------------------------------------------+

# 查看mkey密钥的详情

[root@controller ~]# openstack keypair show mkey

+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+

| created_at | 2023-12-19T11:48:14.000000 |

| deleted | False |

| deleted_at | None |

| fingerprint | fc:f7:bd:56:a5:4f:e2:cd:9a:d5:2b:f4:59:2f:d5:e4 |

| id | 1 |

| name | mkey |

| updated_at | None |

| user_id | 16744fe5ad7042a4a0356f37cb02dda4 |

+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+

（2）nova命令行格式案例

nova

keypair-add Create a new key pair for use with servers.

keypair-delete Delete keypair given by its name. (Supported

by API versions '2.0' - '2.latest') [hint: use

'--os-compute-api-version' flag to show help

message for proper version]

keypair-list Print a list of keypairs for a user (Supported

by API versions '2.0' - '2.latest') [hint: use

'--os-compute-api-version' flag to show help

message for proper version]

keypair-show Show details about the given keypair.

(Supported by API versions '2.0' - '2.latest')

[hint: use '--os-compute-api-version' flag to

show help message for proper version]

# 查看密钥列表

[root@controller ~]# nova keypair-list

+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| Name | Type | Fingerprint |

+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| test | ssh | 5c:7e:d8:bd:b9:33:cb:f9:eb:b8:52:c4:04:7c:8c:1e |

+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

# 查看密钥详情

[root@controller ~]# nova keypair-show test

+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+

| Property | Value |

+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+

| created_at | 2021-10-28T14:06:12.000000 |

| deleted | False |

| deleted_at | - |

| fingerprint | 5c:7e:d8:bd:b9:33:cb:f9:eb:b8:52:c4:04:7c:8c:1e |

| id | 1 |

| name | test |

| type | ssh |

| updated_at | - |

| user_id | 0f217182b5af448c988f5464c706a337 |

+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+

Public key: ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDc/qEc2ihvE7aLgSVH0lt5PDBwEYXW0CqMx8sGJPT1p3r0mxdJiti9pJxBRoX+oOhA/LFssaOGvtHDK79Njs3HynrXkxvKo6UfmBNQzt2z5C3nTP2U17JY2wrOh7YyYdhuuRirCLNHQk4hM1YY9BbPrCLjLlQ8Gms6vdgDCgT1gXuRppBTfQKrIKKRk6d5vIqBMoGM3fCaM34DiqwOS/uq8gQM8T/io9h6XrTKWznmZgzaFJ2S3XUZhAliSEgkraxZIM8L3QWumMlBVryYVUX6QEKv29hNWYZF/bxUqfQx50vBuIfHlKgkcccAVDy6OoZNmd6T1rdJXEdW+MWobHu7 Generated-by-Nova

# 创建密钥

[root@controller ~]# nova keypair-add hqs --key-type ssh

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

MIIEpwIBAAKCAQEAw3YnZk1ej5j3+CjpWalgmVWxrdAVZGfpC3Qklz+0RW7p4nTn

VlkGL7mWEgx7fmRaBzZuwUuSuvFB79zWhGZqh7Dt0Zeibyy48u3AtZtDY1ZVkvss

Vq7zOdUgg+2C8Em7KTAXsuf1I7KPxgJHX7j9pluN8zBQKiYYi4K+RPCVtisw3ev0

Ey5vi7e1IuUawXpjWnGe+/yzCZWgL8X2uhyYH0cJUmO3PbFuX0aoZr/JsLbMfkeL

0hCDkpKgkx8L/VD6C8FW+Z3mfJGxJtGwakb+BGyOYZ3j/Sv7bh03QKPgViqJ9CGa

WL5/y8dYmFLYM45Gb60FLWPSHWLmH9SFnmV7UwIDAQABAoIBABkiGUDbU/xs8/2x

7Qd9cxFkZntuFUIa5ml1nrrgEyMWdvaKh7Cfs97xIy3g8wQ2jSj+Q9GRESX+nbbl

E6RksvANvRbFQ7q96m46ShxQAaNFV62VpIbk6huWnx63rK2PHYTXTUTQ9MGJVVll

s53IYL1CaodJwBUbXu6ZejPNJ8MLoyom7cH89uaP5K8Ej7pHObaxMBCkSylU0vcG

qJp0Gu1NbnQ823EYm5QeEqUfG8xLyXKOvAq3scZHg5hqdD6SDVOYm3uQM8TF8zkY

SSTYrwktj7g7vP6ZQ0zY3k/s/zxMbTIurwwNm8L93tPcgtJUMw+fPYu3OHr9nhBt

aeFJ6AkCggCBANoJLHA6j5Jgj0uLy+ur8BmU8qSCJ7Nmx3JZFj2ELoZcLzjniHqH

14QHqnBgFxaUAvmpy8wCMnIKrk83FdEkgk2vwSlsr1uEiz+MNHKqapWwiezR87HB

5XsgtHpOsBlTpzQlOL7TJX7kCtZYgyGbQJvLMeek+cqy2YsNp28AgFulAoIAgQDl

fr5dBmEMBtTVaAjZFlyhJIXpf93QeC9KTtCLJ0QXAVPpCLlnulC8W4JfuZDTFqOr

gnx1y84DfyoZ4/K6zPNfqguRRzE2sxMNDLNZeyZiA10uZwEh+AJtCf54FU2xZtVP

1eZ7I4QMR2jaDSj5nWgF90DYHoWLxOEeIVnTnFoplwKCAIANyxrGls3SYs1t6BAk

fqIX3DZldd5xGQVxFHW1upD+6wIJxYv6xHE75wg/R7TuNrrhdH5yD4mFcWuJk2CL

9JVRuNatejS1w3LTuFjxEBriEWMIWlfiXPPZkD4aprO5RnODdv9aAx2SI3cUDFFv

ZNT3hilIEEXFLv9YLqry+MMmCQKCAIBpG+OUN5e7KmXQWBW1V8iVBWVPzICLOoBu

SCq7kQBeiP0lfhlsqKjRnBfaP+NUysmrg9f9G5r/fv6JXR2O8M+GwRsLLtAbfWj8

URTTptOtkFzdI9Ag/rYdurYRybAL0E1ig1VMkLep6Ard06kwqic6lEPeuBvyJ/nz

EtNRWArzgQKCAIAQDXQbP+20nzHoWqy1sFYIpOYrC+pZGX3tZb8DfAKrhrL+FkGe

PSe6bNwgWVDEUwTyvoPUexvAVi7nZ1sqMw/Ar+KxCXcti+dzZZZa3typLQMceOr2

wFfpNMT/Kq2DTrgkXN+jpFczv/R0kNn5bOB/DIm8JUeN44k97lMzIrD7TA==

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

# 删除密钥

[root@controller ~]# nova keypair-list

+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| Name | Type | Fingerprint |

+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| hqs | ssh | e2:cc:e9:8f:1d:06:45:b4:52:0b:38:68:0d:15:b8:b9 |

| test | ssh | 5c:7e:d8:bd:b9:33:cb:f9:eb:b8:52:c4:04:7c:8c:1e |

+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

[root@controller ~]# nova keypair-delete hqs

[root@controller ~]# nova keypair-list

+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| Name | Type | Fingerprint |

+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

| test | ssh | 5c:7e:d8:bd:b9:33:cb:f9:eb:b8:52:c4:04:7c:8c:1e |

+------+------+-------------------------------------------------+

6、配额管理

# 待补全

[root@controller ~]# openstack quota show admin

+----------------------+----------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+----------------------+----------------------------------+

| backup_gigabytes | 1000 |

| backups | 10 |

| cores | 20 |

| firewall | 10 |

| firewall_policy | 10 |

| firewall_rule | 100 |

| fixed-ips | -1 |

| floating-ips | 50 |

| gigabytes | 1000 |

| health_monitor | -1 |

| injected-file-size | 10240 |

| injected-files | 5 |

| injected-path-size | 255 |

| instances | 10 |

| key-pairs | 100 |

| member | -1 |

| network | 10 |

| per_volume_gigabytes | -1 |

| pool | 10 |

| port | 50 |

| project | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |

| properties | 128 |

| ram | 51200 |

| rbac_policy | 10 |

| router | 10 |

| secgroup-rules | 100 |

| secgroups | 10 |

| server_group_members | 10 |

| server_groups | 10 |

| snapshots | 10 |

| subnet | 10 |

| subnetpool | -1 |

| vip | 10 |

| volumes | 10 |

+----------------------+----------------------------------+

三、nova和其他组件交互操作

1、云主机卷挂载操作

nova

volume-attach Attach a volume to a server. # 卷挂载到云主机

volume-attachments List all the volumes attached to a server. # 查看所有挂载到云主机上的卷

volume-detach Detach a volume from a server. # 卷从云主机上卸载

volume-update Update volume attachment. # 卷挂载状态更新

# 卷挂载到云主机

nova volume-attach []

Positional arguments:

Name or ID of server.

ID of the volume to attach.

Name of the device e.g. /dev/vdb. Use "auto" for autoassign (if

supported). Libvirt driver will use default device name.

[root@controller cinder]# nova volume-attach test111 f594e936-05e2-4a8c-b4c9-b96bbe7e2c82 /dev/vdb

+----------+--------------------------------------+

| Property | Value |

+----------+--------------------------------------+

| device | /dev/vdb |

| id | f594e936-05e2-4a8c-b4c9-b96bbe7e2c82 |

| serverId | 4b3a90f0-4177-44cc-8ef2-34a0e5d56b33 |

| volumeId | f594e936-05e2-4a8c-b4c9-b96bbe7e2c82 |

+----------+--------------------------------------+

# 查看所有挂载到云主机上的卷

[root@controller cinder]# nova volume-attachments test111

+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+

# 卷从云主机上卸载

nova volume-detach

Positional arguments:

Name or ID of server.

ID of the volume to detach.

[root@controller cinder]# nova volume-detach test111 f594e936-05e2-4a8c-b4c9-b96bbe7e2c82

[root@controller cinder]# nova volume-attachments test111

+----+--------+-----------+-----------+

+----+--------+-----------+-----------+

Nova组件详解

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